the videogames industry Essay -- essays research papers

The moving picture game industry has become a grand influence on society and the economy today. It is an industry that is so huge that it is estimated that 70% of U.S homes will own a Video game system by the year 2005, (Cassandra, 2002) Just one year a bearing. yet what made it the way it is? Since it is still an industry it has to follow the natural laws of economics. In this paper we will dive into the industry that now has gone beyond movies and recordings in profit.The first is that the video game consol industry is an oligopoly and has to deal with the game theory. It is an oligopoly because it has high barriers to entry such as hardware subsidies and very fierce competition amongst already established firms (Scevek, 2001) to a fault there are unaccompanied three major producers of video game consoles Sony, Nintendo, and the recently Microsoft. Because these three all have personal interests the game theory applies quickly. The nigh recent example is the releases of the P laystaion 2 by Sony, the Nintendo GameCube, and Microsofts X-box. Early in the year of 2001 Sony released its latest Playstation 2 and its profits surged. They had increased 3.1% to 24.8 billion Yen, and 22.t million units send world wide in the first fiscal year (IGN, 2002). Microsoft and Nintendo however had a different story. They decided to hold off sending of their product until the vacation season of 2001, a well-known purchasing time for consumers. However this induced competition for personal interests and both ended up worse off. While the Xbox had interchange 1.4 million units, and Gamecube 1.3 million, Sony had 1.4 million units sold in its fourth quarter (Weintraub, 2002). That 1.4 million was in addition to the millions sold before hand. This unwise release is catching up with Microsoft as the profits for the X-box had halved to 190 million in 2003 compared to the loss of 60 million the year before (Yabedo, 2003), and it whitethorn soon be forced to go the gaming indu stry. As it stands now the current owning of systems in households is 75% own a Playstation 2, 12% own a X-box, and13% own a Gamecube (yabedo, 2003). While the figures may be small Nintendo is building up slow but steady steam with its big name titles, and domination of the hand-held industry. Its recent release the Gameboy preliminary has caused a make up for the loss by GameCube. It had so... ...t (Chmielewski,2002). With this increase investment and demand in human capital it is clear to see that the industry is circumscribe to only continue growing.In conclusion the video game industry is growing, it has been for the last thirty years and will continue maybe for the next hundred. But it is an industry none the less, it has to follow the same laws as any other firm in the game of economics, and in this game there is no go along point or pause button. We have seen that because of the game theory the console companies make choices for what they believe to be their best option o nly to have a worse outcome than if they had released at a different date, that as a compony earns an economic profit other componies will try to enter that area operate down economic profit, as well as examples of their fierce competition to stay on the cutting edge. We have also seen that they follow the laws of demand, and develop only on the desires and tastes of the buyers, the costs that come with producing a game both explicit and implicit, and the externalities that come with the products. And what investments are being made for the future in this billion-dollar industry.

Monosodium Glutamate Essay -- MSG Health Food Essays

Monosodium Glutamate I.INTRODUCTIONHave you ever had a situation were after a busy day at work, went to a restaurant for a nice dinner party and enjoyed the taste of the food that was presented to you, but soon after the dinner was over, you felt really tired and sick? Did this ever made you regret the fact that you went in that respect instead of taking the time of preparing to yourself something light and healthy or maybe you were promising to yourself that you would never do this again? But how long did that promise ending? Unfortunately, probably not that long until the next time you were in a similar situation - having had a pretty long, tiring day, being quite empty and because of the convenience you choose that restaurant again,... and again, and again.. Did you ever think of what makes you so tired and takes off your entire energy for couple of hours after that dinner?....This is out-of-pocket to the food additive so called MSG, the taste enhancer in a form of Monosodium Glutamate.It has been ten years since I have lived in the US. Before that I have never heard about MSG, I have never experienced whatever of it. Everything that we consumed in the past was pure, really home made, without any additives, but it would take so long to grow and prep be. This is because people back there did not have a choice. Their life just was not wee by the technology or they simply did not know much of it. Maybe this has to do with where in the world you are and how much access to the orbiculate information you have, therefore how much you know. Since then I got more and more involved in the different aspects of the technology. More I learned, I discovered that things are not that simple. I see that there are lots ... ...sodium Glutamate (MSG) 4.Excitotoxins The Taste That Kills by Russell L. Blaylock, M.D.Health Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico, c1994 ISBN 0-929173-14-7 5.In Bad Taste The MSG Syndrome by D r. George R. Schwartz, M.D. Health Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico, c1988 Articles 6.The MSG Convtroversy / MSG Cautions Advised / Monosodium Glutamate Chinese Restaurant Syndrome March/April 1994 issue Informed Consent Magazine P.O. Box 1984 Williston, North Dakota 58802-1984 (701) 774-7760 or (701) 859-3002 7.MSG The Truth & Consequences by Jack L. Samuels and Adrienne Samuels, Ph.D. Search For Health Magazine September/October 1993 issue Valentine Communications Corp. P.O. Box 11089 Naples, FL 33941-1089 (813) 263-8614 Contact Jack L. Samuels, (312) 642-9333.

Colonial Differences Essay -- essays research papers

The differences in development between the New England colonies and the Chesapeake or Middle colonies occurred for a many number of reasons. First, they were different people. They come from different places and had different ways of life. Not only did the two regions both have different governing systems, hardly they were also driven to the New World by different religions or incentives. Even their slight economic differences helped to shape the individuality of the two areas.Most could in all likelihood see that is was painfully obvious as to who the religious fanatics were. New Englands colonists seemed to have a more religious tone, than did that of the Middle or Southern regions. The Puritans, who had plain come to America to escape ridicule and religious persecution, were taking up on that very idea, punishing all those whom did not share in their ideas. They were stiff, relentless people and did not allow for much, but the main idea is that they were driven by a higher pow er, God. This made the Puritans successful Massachusettss colonists in that they were strong-willed and willing to make their government work. The type of government chosen by the Puritans worked well, a theocratic environment. A theocracy is defined as government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided. According the John Winthrop, who was to be their governor for several(prenominal) number of years, it seemed that their grand purpose in A...

Early History of South Africa: A Climatological Case Study Essay

Early History of South Africa A Climatological Case StudyThe early history of Cape townsfolk shares little with the experience of the rest of Africa. The patterns of colonization and the relationship between black Africans and nationalized Europeans are unique to the area. The timing and speed of settlement were possible only because of the topical anaesthetic disease environment. The system of racial interaction, a system of Aparthide unique to the area, acted differently than other systems because of farming patterns dictated by the fertility of the land. The above are instances of the patent adaptation of South African cultural development to its climate environment. They show the history and culture of the area are inseparable aspects of the climate in which they formed. at once the Portuguese had made the trip around the horn of Africa and had started to trade with the Indian Ocean world it was clear that a port capable of re-supplying and repairing the trading ships was nec essary. Towns sprang to breeding up and down the West African coast, their numbers increasing as other European powers began to claim their share of the trade with India. In most of these towns, European mortality was horrendous. Even England, notorious for colonizing with Criminals, did not send its prisoners to the West African coast for long. Malaria and other African diseases killed them as effectively as a hangmans noose. But there was one glaring anomaly Cape Town. Here, Europeans could survive. The reason had everything to do with Climate. One of the biggest causes of European mortality was Malaria. A parasitic disease carried by mosquitoes, Malaria has a high mortality rate among first exposure victims. Even today, it is the fourth most common cause for c... ..., settlements remained small and ineffectual. The African natives were able to fight their own lifestyles, and the Europeans were prevented from expanding. This was not the case in South Africa, where insufficient rainfall forced the population to spread out and interact with the natives to such an extent as to alter their language. The divisions this interaction created were not easily thrown aside, and have persisted to modern times. Without the knowledge of the climate of the area, there would be no explanation for the unique personality of South African culture. Climate dictated the development of this culture. Works Cited1 http//www.cdc.gov/malaria/facts.htm2 http//www.cdc.gov/malaria/distribution_epi/distribution.htm3 http//cybercapetown.com/CapeTown/climate.php4 http//www.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayIntlNORMS.asp?CityCode=68816&Units=both

Education and Teaching - No Saturday Classes for Public Schools :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

No Satur daytime School Some people look at American students should attend school on Saturday. These people think that the extra day would bring Americas education level closer to those of different countries. However, I disagree. I think having school on Saturday would actually lower our education level. The Saturday classes would diminish family time for students. The extra day of classes would cut down on work long time for students. Saturday classes would too mean one less day of loosening for both students and teachers alike. Less time with a family could lower a students grade point average. For some students, Saturday is the only if time they can see family. This would be true for students whose parents are divorced or who both work Monday through Friday. Not seeing family could lead to a bad attitude or severe depression. Some students have close relationships with their parents and want or need to spend time with their parents. A student with a bad at titude or severe depression cannot learn strong and perform well in class. Not being able to learn well will not bring an already low education level up. The extra day of school would cut down on work days for students. A cut-down on work hours during the weekend could influence a student to work more late-night hours to earn money for car payments or college funds. That would effect a very tired, unprepared student. That student, in turn, will not do well with school work. The extra day of school would take away from any other job a teacher may have. Some teachers have additional jobs to earn extra money. Less time to work another job could create a bad attitude. A teacher with a bad attitude will not be able to teach effectively. One extra day of school cuts into precious relaxation time of students and teachers alike. Just one day may not sound like a lot but, to a use up student, it could mean the difference between an A and a B. That one extra day of rest can change an attitude easily. With one day of rest and one more day to do homework, a student can have time to avoid a jam-packed schedule for a day.

Education and Teaching - No Saturday Classes for Public Schools :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

No Satur daylight School Some people think Ameri gage educatees should attend school on Saturday. These people think that the scanty day would bring Americas education take aim tightly fittingr to those of other countries. However, I disagree. I think having school on Saturday would actually lower our education level. The Saturday classes would diminish family succession for students. The extra day of classes would cut down on work days for students. Saturday classes would also mean one less day of rest for both students and teachers alike. little time with a family could lower a students grade point average. For some students, Saturday is the only time they can see family. This would be true for students whose parents are break up or who both work Monday through Friday. Not seeing family could lead to a bad situation or severe depression. Some students have close relationships with their parents and want or need to spend time with their parents. A student wi th a bad attitude or severe depression cannot learn sound and perform strong in class. Not being able to learn well will not bring an already low education level up. The extra day of school would cut down on work days for students. A cut-down on work hours during the weekend could influence a student to work more late-night hours to earn money for car payments or college funds. That would create a very tired, unprepared student. That student, in turn, will not do well with school work. The extra day of school would take away from any other job a teacher may have. Some teachers have special jobs to earn extra money. Less time to work another job could create a bad attitude. A teacher with a bad attitude will not be able to teach effectively. One extra day of school cuts into precious relaxation time of students and teachers alike. Just one day may not sound like a lot but, to a busy student, it could mean the difference between an A and a B. That one extra day of re st can change an attitude easily. With one day of rest and one more day to do homework, a student can have time to avoid a jam-packed schedule for a day.

Motivation Theory

Needs drives behaviour goals reduction or release of tension Behaviour is both directed to, and results from, unsatisfied deals. The discussion unsatisfied is most main(prenominal). As Maslow says, If we argon interested in what actu solelyy motivates us and non what has or will, or might motivate us, then a satisfied penury is not a bonus. Kellys model of motivation presents a sort of chicken-egg dilemma. Which comes first, the goal or the urgency? When we talk round behaviour being goal-oriented, we mean that soulfulnesss feel a admit, want, desire or drive to do close tothing that leads to the achievement of a goal.But is the goal, as part of the self, already in that respect? Is it the reckon that stimulates the need? Are goals and postulate the same thing? It is useful to separate the two concepts. We can define a goal as that military issue which we turn over to attain in govern to satisfy authorized needs. The goal is the send away result, the need the driving force that spurs us towards that result. A student might take away a goal to get an A in a course, but this goal whitethorn reflect a reckon of different needs.He or she whitethorn feel a need to confirm his or her competence friends whitethorn all be getting As he or she may wish to stomach the esteem of early(a)s simply to do the scoop possible to keep a scholarship. It is difficult to infer needs from goals. We talk about bills as a motivator. M peerlessy represents so m each different things to different people that saying that single(a)s body of work for capital is meaningless. What we kick in to know is what needs the m maviny is satisfying. Is it survival, status, belonging, achievement, a convenient scorecard for performance?Remember, behaviour is both directed to, and results from, unsatisfied needs. Every individual has a number of needs which vie for happiness. How do we choose between these competing forces? Do we try to satisfy them all? Much equiva lent a small child in a candy store, set about with the dilemma of spending his or her allowance, we be forced to decide what we want the most that is we satisfy the vehementest need first. Although there is general agreement among psychologists that man experiences a variety of needs, there is consider competent disagreement as to what these needs atomic number 18 and their relative importance. on that depict have been a number of attempts to present models of motivation which list a specific number of motivating needs, with the implication that these lists are all-inclusive and represent the total picture of needs. Unfortunately, each of these models has weaknesses and gaps, and we are still without a general surmise of motivation. In this article, I will describe the four main theories of motivation. These are Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Herzbergs Dual-Factor Theory, The Need for Achievement and David McClellands work and roars Expectancy Motivation Theory. Hierarchy of Needs Abraham MaslowOne model of motivation that has gained a lot of attention, but not complete bridal, has been put forward by Abraham Maslow. Maslows theory argues that individuals are motivated to satisfy a number of different kinds of needs, some of which are more(prenominal) designerful than others (or to use the psychological jargon, are more prepotent than others). The term prepotency refers to the idea that some needs are felt as being more pressing than others. Maslow argues that until these most pressing needs are satisfied, other needs have little effect on an individuals behaviour.In other words, we satisfy the most prepotent needs first and then turn up to the less pressing ones. As one need captures satisfied, and therefore less important to us, other needs loom up and fix motivators of our behaviour. Maslow represents this prepotency of needs as a pecking order. The most prepotent needs are shown at the bottom of the ladder, with prepotency decreasing as one progresses upwards. SELF-ACTUALISATION reaching your maximum potential, doing you own best thing admire respect from others, self-respect, recognitionBELONGING linkup, acceptance, being part of something SAFETY physical safety, psychological security PHYSIOLOGICAL hunger, thirst, sex, rest The first needs that anyone must satisfy are physiological. As Maslow says Undoubtedly these physiological needs are the most prepotent of all needs. What this means specifically is that in the serviceman being who is missing every(prenominal)thing in life in an extreme fashion, it is most likely that the major motivation would be the physiological needs rather than any others.A someone who is lacking food, safety, love and esteem would likely hunger for food more heartyly than anything else. Once the first level needs are largely satisfied, Maslow maintains, the next level of needs emerges. Individuals become touch on with the need for safety and security protection from physical h arm, disaster, illness and security of income, life-style and relationships. Similarly, once these safety needs have become largely satisfied, individuals become concerned with belonging a sense of membership in some group or groups, a need for affiliation and a feeling of acceptance by others.When there is a feeling that the individual belongs somewhere, he or she is next motivated by a desire to be held in esteem. nation need to be thought of as worth plot of land by others, to be recognised as people with some value. They also have a strong need to examine themselves as worthwhile people. Without this type of self-concept, one sees oneself as drifting, cut off, pointless. Much of this dissatisfaction with certain types of job centres around the fact that they are perceived, by the people performing them, as demeaning and therefore damaging to their self-concept.Finally, Maslow says, when all these needs have been satisfied at least to some extent, people are motivated by a des ire to self-actualise, to achieve whatever they define as their maximum potential, to do their thing to the best of their ability. Maslow describes self-actualisation as follows A role player must flummox music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately happy. What a man can do, he must do. This need we may call self-actualisation It refers to the desire for self-fulfilment, namely the tendency for one to become actualised in what one is potentially.This tendency might be phrased as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. The specific form these needs take will of course vary greatly from person to person. In one individual it may be expressed maternally, as the desire to be an ideal mother, in some other athletically, in still another aesthetically, the painting of pictures, and in another inventively in the creation of new contrivances. It is not necessarily a fanciful urge although in peop le who have any capabilities for creation it will take this form.Several points must be make concerning Maslows model of motivation. First, it should be made cleared that he does not mean that individuals experience nevertheless one type of need at a time. In fact, we probably experience all levels of needs all the time, only to varying degrees. In umpteen parts of the world, hunger is a genuine reality but we have all experienced the phenomenon of not being able to concentrate upon a job because of a growling stomach. Productivity drops prior to lunch as people transfer their thoughts from their jobs to the upcoming meal.After lunch, food it not top(prenominal) in peoples minds but perhaps rest is, as a sense of drowsiness sets in. Similarly, in almost all organisational settings, individuals juggle their needs for security (Can I keep this job? ) with needs for esteem (If I do what is demanded by the job, how will my peers see me, and how will I see myself? ) Given a situation where management is demanding a certain level of performance, but where group norms are to produce below these levels, all these issues are experienced. If the individual does not produce to the level demanded by management, he or she may lose the job (security).But if he or she conforms to managements norms rather than those of the group, it may ostracise him or her (belonging) while the individual may see him or herself as a turncoat (esteem) and may have a feeling of having let the side down (self-esteem. ) We do not progress simply from one level in the hierarchy to another in a straightforward, orderly elbow room there is a constant, but ever-changing pull from all levels and types of needs. A second point that must be made about Maslows hierarchy is that the order in which he has set up the needs does not necessarily reflect their prepotence for every individual.Some people may have such a exalted need for esteem that they are able to subordinate their needs for safety, or their physiological or belonging needs to these. The war hero sp ricochets to mind. on that point is little concern for safety or physical comfort as the seeker of glory rushes forward into the muzzle of destruction. A third, and very important point to be made about Maslows hierarchical model is the assertion that once a need is satisfied it is no longer a motivator until it re-emerges. Food is a poor motivator after a meal. The point in this is clear for management.Unfortunately, many organisations and individuals still fail to get the message. Most fillip schemes are based upon needs that have already been largely satisfied. If management placed emphasis on needs that have not been satisfied, employees would be more likely to be motivated towards achieving the goals of the organisation. Human behaviour is primarily directed towards unsatisfied needs. Finally, an important aspect of Maslows model is that it provides for constant growth of the individual. There is no point at wh ich everything has been achieved.Having satisfied the lower needs, one is always striving to do things to the best of ones ability, and best is always specify as being slightly better than before. There has been a great deal of debate over Maslows hierarchical concept of motivation. It has a staple fibre attraction to most people because it seems to be logical, to make sense. Dual-Factor Theory Frederick Herzberg Frederick Herzberg and his associates began their research into motivation during the 1950?s, examining the models and assumptions of Maslow and others.The result of this work was the formulation of what Herzberg termed the Motivation-Hygiene Theory (M-H). The basic hypotheses of this theory are that 1. There are two types of motivators, one type which results in satisfaction with the job, and the other which merely pr sluicets dissatisfaction. The two types are quite separate and distinct from one another. Herzberg called the reckons which result in job satisfaction mo tivators and those that simply prevented dissatisfaction hygienes 2. The factors that lead to job satisfaction (the motivators) areachievement recognition work itself responsibility advancement 3. The factors which may prevent dissatisfaction (the hygienes) are company policy and administration working conditions supervision interpersonal relations money status securityHygienes, if applied effectively, can at best prevent dissatisfaction if applied poorly, they can result in negative feelings about the job. Motivators are those things that allow for psychological growth and evolution on the job. They are fast related to the concept of self-actualisation, involving a challenge, an opportunity to extend oneself to the fullest, to taste the pleasure of accomplishment, and to be recognised as having done something worthwhile. Hygienes are simply factors that describe the conditions of work rather than the work itself.Herbergs point is that if you want to motivate people, you have to b e concerned with the job itselfand not simply with the surroundings. In a health check sense, growth, healing and development occur as natural internal processes. They are the result of proper diet, exercise, sleep etc. Hygienic procedures simply prevent malady from occurring. They do not promote growth per se. Herzberg says that we should focus our attention on the individuals in jobs, not on the things that we surround them with.He maintains that we tend to think that growth and development will occur if we provide good working conditions, status, security and administration, whereas in fact what stimulates growth (and motivation to grow and develop) are opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Once again, this theory has a basic attraction. As Joe Kelly puts it, however It is always as well to bear in mind that academics, who place considerable value on liberty and inner direction, have an obsession about making work meaningful.The notion tha t it is possible to realise mans true nature through creative work which is its own reward is an exceedingly attractive proposition to the learned don which is rarely fully shared by his wife. Herzberg goes further than Maslow, piercing the hierarchy off near the top and maintaining that motivation results only from some elements of esteem needs and self-actualisation. The Need for Achievement David McClelland The one single motivating factor which has received the most attention in terms of research, is the need for achievement (n-ach). As a result, we know more about n-ach than any other motivational factor.Much of this knowledge is due the work of David McClelland of Harvard. To illustrate what he means by the need for achievement, McClelland cites the following example Several years ago, a careful call for was made of 450 workers who had been thrown out of work by a plant shutdown in Erie, Pennsylvania. Most of the unemployed workers stayed at home for a while and then checke d with the employment service to see if their old jobs or similar ones were available. But a small minority among them behaved differently the day they were primed(p) off, they started job hunting.They checked both national and local employment offices they studied the Help Wanted sections of the papers they checked through their union, their church and various fraternal organisations they looked into training courses to learn a new skill they even left town to look for work, while the majority when questioned said they would not under any circumstances move away to obtain a job. Obviously the members of the active minority were differently motivated. Individuals with a last n-ach have a number of distinctive characteristics which separate them from their peers.First of all, they like situations where they can take personal responsibility for finding solutions to problems. This allows them to gain personal satisfaction from their achievements. They do not like situations where a chievement or failure results from chance. The important thing is that the outcome be the result of their own skill and effort. A second characteristic of senior high school n-ach people is that they like to set moderately high goals for themselves. These goals are neither so low that they can be achieved with little challenge, nor so high that they are impossible.High n-ach individuals prefer goals that necessitate all-out effort and the exercise of all their abilities. Once again, the achievement of this type of objective results in greater personal satisfaction. This phenomenon can be observed in very young children. A child may be given a game of ring toss, told that he or she scores whenever a ring lands over the peg and then left alone to play the game. McClelland comments Obviously children who stand next to the peg can score a ringer every time but if they stand a long distance away, they will hardly ever get a ringer.The curious fact is that children with a high concern fo r achievement quite consistently stand at moderate distances from the peg where they are apt to get achievement satisfaction The ones with low n-Achievement, on the other hand, distribute their choices of where to stand quite randomly over the entire distance. In other words, people with high n-Achievement prefer a situation where there is a challenge, where there is some real risk of not succeeding, but not so great a risk that they might not track it by their own efforts.A third distinctive characteristic of high achievers is that they want concrete feedback on their performance. Only certain types of jobs provide this kind of feedback, however, and so some kinds of jobs are unattractive to high achievers. For instance, teachers receive only imprecise, hazy feedback as to the effectiveness of their efforts while production managers have a daily output map to look at with either joy or disappointment. There are some additional minor characteristics possessed by high achievers. T hey tend to revere travel, are willing to give up a bird inthe hand for two in the bush and prefer experts to friends as working partners. The image is clear the high achiever is a personality type suited admirably to certain jobs and not others. It would be wrong to treat all individuals as high achievers and attempt to motivate them by offering them contest jobs, speedy and objective feedback on performance and personal responsibility for success or failure. The need for affiliation and the need for power McClelland has also identified two other types of need, the need for affiliation (n-affil) and the need for power (n-pow).His testing procedure is concerned with the application of what is cognize as the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), a series of pictures which are presented to a subject, one at a time. The individual is asked to tell a story about each picture. The underlying assumption of the TAT procedure is that it will reveal the dominant thoughts and attitudes of subj ects. For instance, an individual with high n-ach will formulate stories concerned with getting things done, challenging situations, feelings of satisfaction at having done a good job and so on.The individual with a high need for affiliation (n-affil) will reflect sensibility to the feelings of others, a desire for friendly relationships and a reference to situations which involve human interactions. High n-power subjects will relate stories reflecting the process of influencing others, controlling and manipulating others. The need for affiliation The need for affiliation is similar to Maslows need to belong. It can be a dominant motivating force affecting behaviour and may manifest itself in many different ways.The novelist John OHara was supposedly obsessed with the fact that, not having a college degree, he was excluded from membership of certain clubs and societies. At the other end of the spectrum, James Coyne, a former Governor of the Bank of Canada, was described as the most unclubbable man in the country, as he held an aversion to joining groups. In its most straightforward form, a need for affiliation manifests itself in a desire to be liked by others, to be part of a group, to interject into warm, personal relationships.High n-affil people value relationships over accomplishments, and friendship over power. The need for power In studying the motivational profiles of North American managers, McClelland noticed that many of those who reach the top of organisations and are rated as highly effective in their positions, demonstrate a concern for influencing people. This is, in McClellands terms, a need for power. This need is not simply seen as the raw desire to control others or simply to exert authority.McClelland makes the point that this need must be disciplined and controlled so that it is directed toward the benefit of the institution as a whole and not toward the managers personal aggrandisement. Moreover, the top managers need for power ought t o be greater than his or her need for being liked by people. Power motivation refers not to autocratic, tyrannical behaviour but to a need to have some impact, to be influential and effective in achieving organisational goals. Results McClelland examined the motivational needs of a large group of managers whose units demonstrated varying degrees of esprit de corps.The most important factor, in predicting whether a managers subordinates would exhibit high morale, turned out to be how their need for power related to their need for affiliation. Teams which exhibited higher morale were those in which the managers need or power exceeded their desire to be liked. McClelland puts forward the following explanation Sociologists have long argued that, for a bureaucratism to function effectively, those who manage it must be universalistic in applying rules. That is, if they make exceptions for the particular needs of individuals, the whole system will break down.The manager with a high need t o be liked is precisely the one who wants to stay on good terms with everybody and therefore is the one most likely to make exceptions in terms of in terms of particular needs. Sociological theory and our data both argue that the person whose need for affiliation is high does not make a good manager. Organisation man? Power-motivated managers, like achievement orientated managers and the affiliators, demonstrate distinct characteristics They are highly organisation-minded. They feel responsible for mental synthesis organisations to which they belong.They believe strongly in centralised authority. They like to work. This is different from the high achiever who likes to minimise work by becoming more efficient. While the high achiever minimises effort and maximises output, the power-motivated manager enjoys work for its own sake. They are willing to sacrifice some of their own self-interest for the good of the organisation. They have a strong sense of justice, feeling that hard wor k and sacrifice should be rewarded. The picture of McClellands power-motivated manager is reminiscent of the organisation mancaricatured by William Whyte.The message seems to be that if one is dedicated to the institution, committed to the work ethic and unflagging in energy and devotion, success will follow. However, the increasing popularity of switching jobs as a method of rapid advancement and the rapidity of change in organisations somewhat contradicts this type of thinking. Expectancy Theory of motivation Victor vroom Victor Vroom, of Carnegie-Mellon in Pittsburgh, has challenged the assertion of the human relationists that job satisfaction leads to increased productivity.(This theory has been called the contented cow approach to management.) The assumption is that if management keeps employees happy, they will respond by increasing productivity. Herzberg, in a delightful film of motivation, highlights the fallacy of this assumption with an interview between a manager and a s ecretary. The secretary is complaining about the job, and the manager lists all the things that have been done for the secretary increases salary, new typewriter, better hours, status and so on at the end of which she looks straight at him and asks, So what have to done for me tardily?The point may be made that satisfied needs do not motivate people Hygienes simply keep employees quiet for a time. For an individual to be motivated to perform a certain task, he or she must expect that completion of the task will lead to achievement of his or her goals. The task is not necessarily the goal itself but is often the means of goal attainment. Vroom defines motivation as A process governing choices, made by persons or lower organisms, among alternative forms of voluntary behaviour.In organisational terms, this concept of motivation pictures an individual, occupying a role, faced with a set of alternative voluntary behaviours, all of which have some associated outcomes attached to them. If the individual chooses behaviour 1, outcome A results if 2 then B results and so on. Knowing that individuals choose behaviours in order to obtain certain outcomes is nothing new. The question is why they choose one outcome over another.The answer provided by the motivational theories in the other articles in this short series (Maslow, Herzberg, McClelland) is that the choice reflects the strength of the individuals desire or need for a specific outcome at a certain time. However, Vroom makes the point that task goals (productivity, quality standards or similar goals attached to jobs) are often means to an end, rather than the end in itself. There is a second level of outcomes which reflect the real goals of individuals and these may be attained, in varying degrees, through task behaviour.An individual is motivated to behave in a certain manner because (a) he or she has a strong desire for a certain task outcome and a reasonable expectation of achieving that outcome and (b) becau se he or she also expects that the achievement of the task outcome will result in reward in terms of pay, promotion, job security, or satisfaction of individual needs physiological, safety, esteem and so on. Let us take a look at how the model works. Imagine a manager has as a task goal, receive good ratings for internal customer service.The choice of this task goal reflects three things The strength of the need for good ratings versus some other goal. The expectation that this goal can be achieved. The expectation that the achievement of this task goal will lead to desired rewards promotion, increased security and so on. Vroom would maintain that we do things in our jobs in order to achieve second level rewards If a worker sees high productivity as a path leading to the attainment of one or more of his or her personal goals, he or she will tend to be a high producer.Conversely, if he or she sees low productivity as path to the achievement of his or her goals, he or she will ten d to be a low producer. Certainly Vroom has hit on an important aspect of motivation. We do not attempt simply to satisfy a need or even a set of needs in a straightforward, If I do this, then I will achieve that manner. We work with a chain of goals and rewards, where goals in one area are only a means of achieving goals in another.

Technology Infrastructure

The question is rather vague so non sure what other devices they loud want to share between the reckoners that are electronic networked in this scenario. An enterprise level company wishes to set up a network to support several hundred business users as well as manufacturing equipment in a new building. Describe what network device or devices you would recommend they purchase and explain why. Note, you are not required to detail the media or topology utilized, but thinking about these impart help you to choose and Justify your device choices.I would suggest the purchase of a rack system with two servers on large server to handle the fewer endured computers and users and the other to handle the manufacturing equipment. This would give them choices for backups and file sharing between one another. The servers would also help on decrease file and program redundancy among the systems. A few hundred workstations allow get to be purchased as well along with any software that will be needed for daily work.I would also install a wireless feature so that the board styles could hire easier setups for laptops and meeting needs. File and mark servers are typically combined on one server and perform as part of the network operating system. File and printer servers manage the shop of data and the various printers on the network. These servers regulate and monitor access to these resources. A few popular file and print servers Include Microsoft Windows Server 2008 (Qualifying nonprofits can orison Windows Server 2008 from T separatelyers Stock for a $40 administration fee. Mac SO X Server Redhead Linux Server Bunt Server Edition date Windows 2000 and XP operating systems have built-in file and print-server functionality, the server version of the SO gives you increased security as well as the ability to expand your network. Also, if your network consists of machines track on unlike platforms, you might want to investigate Samba, a free, open-source software sol ution that allows users to share files among computers running Windows, Unix, and Mac. Groupware servers commonly incorporate different tools for helping users scheduling and other operations.When used to manage email, groupware servers manage both local (within your network) and global (Internet-wide) electronic messaging. There are some(prenominal) examples of groupware servers, but or so of the popular ones include Microsoft Exchange Server (Qualifying nonprofits can request Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 from Teachers Stock for a $280 administration fee. ) Maillots Fusion In addition to the options listed above, many Linux SO distributions -? including the aforementioned Bunt -? have built-in groupware functionality. An analog value of intensity to produce the desired brightness at that point on the screen.Further, as the beam scans, the analog value changes. The video image, then, can be viewed as a time-varying analog signal. While many groupware servers offer the capabilit y to serve an email listserv or mass mail distribution, there are some servers that handle these tasks exclusively. Here are a few to look at LISTSERV Lyrics Arrow bill List Server Mailman Also, a number of free Web-based services -? including Google Groups, Yahoo Groups, and Nonporous -? will allow your organization to set up a mass email distribution list free of charge.Setting up a network of four-spot computer systems in my post two are up stairs and two are down stairs. I am doing this with a Links router and Ethernet cable run down through the walls of my domiciliate into each room that will have a computer networked. I am using the standard on board Ethernet connections found on each computer the upstairs office computer will be the one with the router that feeds off to the other three. All of these will be networked through a bag server and will have a tape and hard drive backup so that documents and pictures can be saved and restored when needed.Each computer is runni ng Microsoft Windows 7 Home and will have different permissions set on two of the four systems. Wireless digital subscriber line modem will be on the same computer as the router and the DSL modem will be run through the router o as to give all four systems the DDCD internet connection. I dont really need a take off router because I can use the DSL modem as a router to since it is a router as well as a modem and can still up to four network connects .Though I like to have the added security of using a standalone router which adds layers, it acts as double protection from the outside glide slope in. Parental settings will be applied to the one the kids will be using along with a strong firewall and antivirus program. The Ethernet cable has a barrier that shields it from hitchs from outside signals ND noise though I will be adding some added protection by running the cable inside be ran the same way to ensure that the risk of interference with signal and transfer will be reduced.Id entifying all network devices utilized and explain the purpose of each in the network we have the DSL modem/router which not only provides the internet connection but also helps to network the systems. Then we have the router which Just adds a layer of security to the network and data. I am also adding a wireless printer so that all four computers will have access to print if the need arises. 13TH Technology pedestal unit 6 This depends on whether they have a wireless router or wired, if they have a wireless router then some internet ready televisions have wireless ability.Either way would work though running an Ethernet cable from the router into the back of the television would give the internet connect that is needed. Looking at the Viii (Voice oer P) I would suggest Peonage as the service carrier for phone. The phone adapter and software needed for the Viii is normally included with the purchase of Peonage A few popular file and print servers include collaborate, including emai l managing calendars and contacts group meeting Setting up a network of four computer systems in my house two are up stairs and two are down stairs.I am doing this with a Links router and Ethernet cable run down through the walls of my house into each room that will have a computer networked. I am using the standard on board Ethernet connections found on each computer the upstairs office computer will be the one with the router that feeds off to the other three. All of these will be networked through a home server and will have a tape and hard drive backup so that documents and pictures can be saved and restored when needed. Each computer is running Microsoft Windows 7 Home and will have different permissions set on two of the four systems.Wireless DSL modem will be on the same computer as the router and the DSL modem will be run through the router so as to give all four systems the DDCD internet connection. I dont really need a separate router because I can use the DSL modem as a r outer to since it is a router as well as a modem and can except up to four network connects . Though I like to have the added security of using a standalone router which adds layers, it acts as double protection from the outside coming in. Parental settings will be applied to a % inch PVC pipe within the walls.

A Comparative Analysis of Devlin and Mill Essay

It fag be assumed that if J.S. mess well-nigh and Lord Devlin ever coexisted or so intoxicating deliberations regarding the role of morality in association would transpire. However, time has a peculiar habit of erecting boundaries amid centuries, allowing us only if to presume discourse betwixt the contemporary and the historical. Consequentially, each mortal has an obligation to formulate his or her have got appraisal established through the logistic unification of the particular instant and geniuss own conception of idealistic righteousness. But the acquisition of an infallible and tangible philosophy with universal application would be as obstinate to construct as it would to fathom. In much(prenominal) regard, the apparatus on which debate must rest is well constructed. If each were to believe in the intricate purity of his stirring than no philosophy but his own would be received. It is subsequently the responsibility of that creature to sell his faculty, ensuing the continued survival of dispute.It is the function of this formula to patiently arrive at a conciliated truth in which the majority of a ships company discount divulge. If the perceived truth were to have an impact on the crave and fertility of an entire society than it would be in that institutions interest to create a fountain from which everyone could drink. It is this motive that has justifiably birthed meticulous admiration in the works of both Lord Devlin and John Stuart linger, each of whom have crafted disparate cures for the perils of harm in society, but neither of whom have succeeded in take up the values of the other. However, to adequately dissect values there must first be an ample understanding of the beliefs of each party concerned, only then can one interpret the mutual ethics from the personal. swot perceives only one in spatial relation in which society is justified in interfering with or restricting the immunitys of its adult members, that being to prevent harm to others. Though powder would also claim that not all harm could rationalize intruding on an individuals freedom, the harm must overshadow the liberty being reduced. Additionally, Mill introduces two forms of harm, direct and indirect. Direct harm occurs when the actions of one member of a society has a negative impact on another as a result of that individualsbehavior. Consequently, Mill would argue that a mugger has had a direct harm on his victim because the outcome of the event was immediate and detrimental. Indirect harm is habitually tolerable because most acts can affect others accordingly, if the act has a detrimental case on others but only as being consequential of the affect of the individual on himself, it is justifiable.For instance, if a man chooses to remain in ill health rather than obtain appropriate medical assistance, he is detrimental to society, but only as a result of him harming himself. This is distinguishable as indirectly bad because there was an intermediate source of the harm, that being the mans preference. Contrary to Mill, Devlin would categorize this form of indirect harm as immoral and injurious to society as a whole. While Mill argues that harmless actions, such as a man choosing ill health rather than being a ample member of a society must not be the subject of social coercion, Devlin would assert that the harmless action is in actuality damaging societies moral composition, requiring it to be made the subject of social control.Stressed by Devlin is the belief that there are certain standards of behavior or moral principles which society requires to be ascertained and the breach of them is an offense not merely against the person who is injured but against society as a whole. In context we find the incongruity. Mill approaches the permissibility of rule personal liberties only as an edict to preventing harm, never consenting to use the regulation of liberty to enforce morals. In contrast, Devlins tactic is to imp lement a moral principle to help protect society from itself, trusting that without this principle there would be social disintegration. Moreover Devlin asserts that moral legislation is crucial to keep open a social bond. He maintains that society has a right to protect its own existence by barring behavior that threatens that existence. This is distinctly divergent from Mills perceptions on paternalism.Mill claimed that there must be unconditional rejection of paternalism by the state, only invalidated to prevent persons from selling themselves into slavery. Reinforcing his case Mill argued that paternal intervention is unlikely to work because an individual is acutely more aware of his or her own needs than the state is. Additionally, he argued that it is improbablecompulsion would work. This can also be taken into account in the form of liberty. Mill alleges that an autonomous life has more value than a life of dependency, since one cannot be forced to be autonomous paternalis m has a damaging effect on an individual. As a contemporarily relevant issue, Devlin indirectly delivers his rebuttal to paternalism by embodying a stance on homosexuality. He defends societies right to protect its own existence by vetoing behavior that threatens its sustainability, since homosexuality is detrimental to society that union has a right to subvert it.This is consistent with Devlins definition of tangible harm, described as a harm that instigates a diminution of the physical strength of society. When practiced in trivial quantities these activities can be harmless, however as its participants grow it has a linear effect on its harm. In accordance, he also argues that unrestricted intemperance in vice will weaken an individual to the extent that he ceases to be a useful member of society and society itself will drip in the event that a sufficient number of its members are plagued by vice. However, the tangible harm that certain forms of conduct allegedly cause is rest ricted to the pertinence of that behaviors breach to the shared morality. If homosexuality is injurious to society it is so regardless of whether it violates the shared morality or not. In conjunction with this notion, Mill would affix his fundamental belief that this individuals decision to practice homosexuality is impartial because it is a sovereign decision.Mill asserts, If a person own a tolerable amount of common sense and experience, his own mode of laying out his existence is the best, not because it is the best in itself but because it is his own mode. Likewise, if it is generally believed that sexual immorality will effectively cause the collapse of a society there may be validation for suppressing this deviant conduct but individual freedom prevents us from accepting this. If the repression of seemingly deviant acts were the norm there would exist an agency to justify intolerances founded on, among many others, religion and race. Mill would also note that it allocates a l eeway to repressing self-regarding actions, which include liberty of conscience and expression, tastes and pursuits and liberty of association. Besides the value of the self-regarding sphere, Mill stresses the importance of freedom of expression, which in proviso to Devlin, is capable in itself of tugging at the societal nit.Devlin has suggested that society is a culturally stretch entity that persists through assorted changes in social mores, owing to his elastic principles it can be argued that he has a general tolerance for individual freedom. However, he rejects Mills perception of freedom on the basis that he has an idealistic picture of human beings. He professes that Mill holds an earnest view of an individual conscientiously doing what he thinks is right regardless of the acceptance of his behavior. This is easily categorised as Mills claim to freedom of expression. According to Mill, opinions or beliefs cannot be suppressed for the reason that they are among other things immoral or shocking, the only validity for suppression is if they are harmful.As Devlin has claimed, freedom of action follows naturally on freedom of expression men must be allowed to do what they are allowed to talk about doingwhat Mill visualizes is people doing things he himself would disapprove of, but doing them earnestly and openly and after thought and discussionThis seems to me on the whole an idealistic picture. But Devlin believes this is seldom true of those who violate the shared morality of society. He believes that most individuals ac bedledge the fallibility of their conduct but continue it for lust and money. He believes, Freedom to do what you know to be bad is worthless. However, a person may breach the values of his society with the belief that those morals are not intrinsic and encompass various modes of conduct that he believes are morally permissible.If the action does not harm others the liberty to pursue ones own tastes and pursuits should be boundless. By this notion, vices are only such if they are acknowledged by those who engage in them. Mill reinforces his conviction against censorship by indicating that a censored opinion might be true, or if it is literally false may contain part of the truth, additionally, if it is entirely false, a censored opinion would prevent true opinions from becoming dogma and as a dogma an unchallenged truth will lose its meaning. An individual, as mentioned by Mill, is more inclined to pursue personal righteousness with unlimited access to the truth, which requires freedom of expression. As Devlin would concede, the pursuit of individual infallibility would coincide with the aspiration of a morally entrenched society.Although Devlin has the benefit of criticizing Mills assertions without the risk of rebuttal he has as yet to disprove the accuracy of Mills libertarian approach. Devlins disputes address a number of Mills themes, including his harm principle, paternalism and freedom of expression, but f ail to feed an internalized acceptance of their circular approach to discrediting one of philosophies nobles. Furthermore, Devlins disintegration thesis attempts to secede harm to society from harm to individuals, as such, his appeal to the concept of vernacular social injury could be viewed as an application of a semipublic harm principle.As such, the cumulative effect of harm on a embodied group of individuals has the capacity to cause a disturbance in public interest. Consequently, the incongruity between Mill and Devlin can be reduced to the acceptance that Mill embraces both public and private harm, while Devlin incorporates a deviant version of private impairment and a similar notion of public hurt. If, then, the claims made by Devlin are accurate, it can also be argued that Mill would support the legal enforcement of shared morality. As of yet society still covets the search for a public fountain, probing our faculties for the cure to all our vices, but refusing to accept the likelihood that there may never be enough water to satisfy every persons thirst.

Path of Democracy Throughout the French Revolution

The French Revolution was a decisive period in the shaping of the advanced west. It implemented the thought of the philosophies, destroyed the hierarchical and corporate society of the Old Regime, which was a legacy of the Middle Ages, promoted the interests of the bourgeoisie, and quickened the growth of the modern allege ( Perry. Chase. Jacob. Jacob. Von Laue, p. 462). The aristocracy of France was likewise weakened by the Revolution. The nobles no longer had their ancient rights and privileges making them ordinary people. In the nineteenth century, the ruling class was no longer decided upon by noble birth but by property.This trait was shown before the Revolution. Also the French government was straightway ran by the aristocrats and the bourgeois. With the bourgeois being given juicy positions because of their wealth, talent, ambition, and opportunities, they would have an important role in the political life of France. The French Revolution changed the Old Regime, based on a dynastic state, into the modern state it is today. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen concluded that the state was no longer a separation of provinces or estates it was also no longer a possession of the monarchs that he believed belonged only to him.The idea of the Declaration showed that the state now belonged to the people as a whole and its power must come from the people to succeed. The people now had the characteristic of individuality of no longer being separated into nobles and commoners. Many surrounding lands took the ideas and reforms of the French Revolution as inspiration to create their own variety over their land. During the nineteenth century, the French Revolution served as a frame of reference for the various political constellations liberalism, socialism, and conservatism ( Perry. Chase.Jacob. Jacob. Von Laue, p. 462). Before the Revolution, the state was still about linked to its religion. Each state had a state church that was the rulin g power. By disavowing any divine justification for the monarchs power, by depriving the church of its special position, and by no longer limiting citizenship to members of a state church, the Revolution accelerated the secularization of European political life (Perry. Chase. Jacob. Jacob. Von Laue, p. 463). The Revolution did away(predicate) with administrative ways of the Old Regime, and imposed rational ways to the state.Highest ranks of land and position were given to men by their talent and no longer by their birth line. The Revolution also did away with peasantry working obligations, and based taxes on the peoples income. By showing that an ancient order could be overpowered by a new one, The French Revolution inspired other generations to revolt against their abusive model societies. This created three forces with the modern state total war, racealism, and a rabid utopian mentality. These ideas went against the ideas of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and could be des tructive to what the French Revolution was creating. The French Revolution also gave birth to the modern nationalism ( Perry. Chase. Jacob. Jacob. Von Laue, p. 463). During the Revolution, the entire nation was directed loyalty. This view was seen as dangerous by many philosophers because it was feared that it would setback the progress of the Revolution. The Revolution looked to reconstruct society on the basis of Enlightenment ideals. These ideas were shortly crushed by the terrors and fears of the dangerous forces that had begun to rise in the later years of the Revolution. These forces almost succeeded in ruining what the French reformers had created.

School Paper

University of Asia and the Pacific Pearl drive, Ortigas Divorce note of hand An argumentative paper Submitted as partial fulfillment For the course requirements in English 102 Submitted to Ms. Judy Tanael 10/8/2012 Is Divorce really necessary? According to the Compendium of the Catholic Church, the Sacrament of brotherhood inwardness that couples would establish a married and exclusive alliance between them (Ratzinger, 2005). This bond can never be broken unless the marriage is null or decl atomic number 18d by an ecclesiastical authority that they be separated (Ratzinger, 2005).Coming from Gods Law, a marriage must not be destroyed because of the bond that is eternally established (Ratzinger, 2005). The Philippines, on the other hand, known for its being a religious country, generally, believes in God. Therefore, it would be bizarre for Catholics to accept the annunciation this wag. Despite the religious notion, carve up has several set up on children, family and the society itself. Not only does fall apart create dispute in the family, it is possible that it be attached to crimes that would be discussed further.The purpose of this paper is for the reader to determine whether or not this bill must be implemented or not. This paper intends to give the authors stand by providing reasonable arguments for the counter arguments. There argon many an(prenominal) reasons why the Philippines should not have a break up law. Although it would be impossible to state them all, this paper intends to discuss the major ones. According to the H. B. 1799, this bill proposes the protection and fundamental equality of men and women (Ilagan & De Jesus, 2010).Proponents of the bill propose is a means to deal with domestic problems such as marital abuse, violence, and possibly psychological incapacities (Ilagan & De Jesus, 2010). Does it really protect and safeguard equality for men and women in any style? This paper suggests that this bill does little to protect the f uture economic eudaemonia of dependent married persons, which tend to be female. Divorce will not protect men, women or even the children for that matter. Is it really a solution for marital conflicts?It is true that divorce can be a medicine for these reasons save think of it as a medicine that is not recommended. Why? If a couple resort to divorce because maybe of an abusive spouse, do you think that the abusive spouse wouldnt restate what he did with his former spouse? And when he does, what do you suggest would happen? I think a divorce remedy could come in handy. What I am trying to say here is that, marriages and marital conflicts could be fixed. Abuse, violence and psychological incapacities are problems that can easily be cured.How? By fearing God and teaching morality. If we fear God and know what morality really means, then none of these would have happened in the first place. As what God said, Wives, submit to your husbands. Husbands, love your married woman as you lo ve yourselves (Ephesians 522-33). This is where you gain happiness and fullness of marital life and your family. Divorce leads to persistent-term proscribe effects on the family. It affects e very component of the family nucleus, and when there are children involved they are the most affected of all.Children from divorced families are more likely to suffer from psychological difficulties than those of intact families (Portnoy, 2008). These problems include but are not limited to mis share, poor academic performance, and earlier than usual sexual practise (Portnoy, 2008). In addition, divorce leads to long-term negative effects on the family. It can lead to several problems that could affect not only the spouses but in addition, most particularly, their children.Studies suggest that there are long-term effects on the childrens psychological adjustment that could affect their future relationships, symptoms such as anxiety, depression, conduct problems, academic performance, rela tionships, distress and subjective comfortably-being can develop throughout clock time for children that are involved in divorce families (Stroksen, Roysamb, Holmen, & Tambs, 2006). Studies show that children of divorce are inclined to draw psychological difficulties than children from intact or complete families, and those effects are probably to continue into adulthood (Stroksen, Roysamb, Holmen, amp Tambs, 2006). Conduct problems are likely to take place in this situation. Among the numerous reactions and effects of children in divorce families, conduct disorders, antisocial behaviors, and difficulty with authorities produce the largest notorious outcomes. According to a study, they are two or three times more likely to choose in adolescent delinquency than their friends from intact families, it was said that there is a higher incidence of conduct problems in boys than in girls (Stroksen, Roysamb, Holmen, & Tambs, 2006).Adolescent children from a divorce family are also more likely to drink alcohol frequently and use prohibited drugs than children from a complete family (Stroksen, Roysamb, Holmen, & Tambs, 2006). In conclusion, divorce of ones parents greatly clashs and disrupts the lives of these children. The psychological, emotional, and behavioral reactions results to years of distress or disorder which is likely to extend into adulthood, affecting even their romantic relationships.Although the majority of children of divorce recover lustyly subsequently some years, that recovery does not vanish those years of significant adjustment difficulty, nor is it complete enough to leave these people unharmed (Stroksen, Roysamb, Holmen, & Tambs, 2006). On the other hand, offspring, especially adults, of divorced families tend to accompany a less positive reaction toward marriage and associate marital conflict with occurrent relationship with a negative point of view (Portnoy, 2008).A study conducted by the Florida State University (2010), using a sample of two hundred and eighty five adolescents, structural equation mildew supported the hypothesis that maternal(p) divorce and marital conflict were independently associated with young adult childrens romantic relationships through different mechanisms Parental divorce was associated with young adults low level of relationship quality through a negative attitude toward marriage (positive attitude toward divorce) and lack of commitment to their own current relationships.However, marital conflict was associated with young adults low level of relationship quality through their conflict behavior with their partner (Cui & Fincham, 2010, p. 331). These effects can be long lasting, leading to other symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Divorce would unnecessarily subject children to this type of emotional distress. Furthermore, as children develop into adolescents and eventually adults, they tend to adopt social behaviors that they see in their parents.Hence, they are inclined to devel op their attitude towards romantic relationships and marriage from their observations of that of their parents (Cui & Fincham, 2010). Cui and Fincham (2010) stated that there is an inverse correlation between parental divorce and attitude towards marriage, as well as commitment to relationships. This suggests the possibility that divorce can breed more divorce. Furthermore, there are certain effects of divorce on Womens Health that could affect their psychological adjustment as well.Studies show that women develop psychological distress after experiencing divorce. In addition, women tend to experience high level of depressive symptoms which can lead to fleshly and mental health problems (Lorenz, Wickrama, Conger, Jr. , 2006). Economically speaking, divorce has a detrimental effect on the spouse that was not gainfully employed and therefore was financially dependent during the marriage (Ananat Michaels, 2007). In part, this is due to what is called economies of scale. Married coup les share economic and social resources during their marriage (Waite, 1995).Since many of the costs incurred in maintaining a family household are fixed, the combined economic well-being of a married will be necessarily be remedy when compared to that of divorced individuals. This has far greater consequences for women than men given that women are more likely dependent on their husbands income during marriage. Research estimates that after divorce women experience a decline in income of between 23% and 73% (Beller Graham, 1985). The bill does provide some post-divorce support for the dependent spouse.This support is only involve until the dependent spouse finds adequate employment, but it is not to exceed one year in duration (Ilagan De Jesus, 2010). However, the ambiguity in the language of the bill when it refers to the employment requirement to be adequate, coupled with the time limitation on the spousal support makes this provision inadequate, as it fails to protect the pos t-divorce economic well-being of the dependent spouse. Divorce is a major societal concern, and society does not escape the devastating effects.The social effects of divorce are very well documented. Research suggests that there is a positive correlation between divorce and crime (Wong, 2011). Wong (2011) argues that children from single-parent and divorced families have a higher predisposition towards criminal activity than those from intact families. Other studies suggest that adult males are less likely to commit crimes when they are married (Scafidi, 2008). There are several reasons that could be discussed on how family hoo-hah, because of divorce, can be positively correlated to crime.Due to minimal supervision of parent/s and lack of parental guidance, their child could possibly be influenced or inclined to crime. Research suggests there is a positive correlation between divorce and crime. According to a British Crime Survey in 1982, it was measured that family disruption as a combined index of marital separation, divorce, and single-parenthood, and they found that family disruption amplified the rates of robbery, stranger violence, burglary, auto-theft, and theft/vandalism (Wong, 2011). out from the stated reasons, there are also certain effects on social disorganization because of family disruption. According to Wongs (2011) social disorganization theory, the theoretical model here claims that pauperization, mobility, and heterogeneity increase the look of divorce, single-parenthood, and crime (Wong, 2011). Focusing on low income and unemployed males may reduce the number of marriageable males and escalate the likelihood of family disruption (Wong, 2011).Concerning the influence of poverty on crime, poverty depletes the communitys resources, reduces its capacity to meet its members basic needs, and reduces its ability to monitor and control criminal activities, therefore eventually causing crime and delinquency to increase (Wong, 2011). Aside from t he already mentioned social costs, divorce imposes an economic burden on society as well. The direct costs to the government include all divorce court related expenditures.This includes not only the cost of the judge, but also that of his staff and other employees, utilities costs, records costs, along with other expenditures (Schramm, 2006). When calculating these costs we must not only take into consideration the costs of the divorce proceeding itself, but also other related proceeding, such as those for alimony, child support, and child grasp (Schramm, 2006). The higher crime rates associated with family fragmentation increase the costs of the criminal justice system (Scafidi, 2008). This includes the costs to law enforcement, prosecution, the judiciary, and corrections.Scafidi (2008) found that approximately 24% of is caused by family fragmentation. The cost of investigating and prosecuting these crimes amounts to almost ? 800 billion (Scafidi, 2008). Other costs include those associated with loss of productivity, foregone tax revenues, assistance to split family who fall under the poverty line, and increased health expenditures to deal with psychological effects, just to name a few (Scafidi, 2008). In countries like the United States, to total costs associated with divorce and fragmented families exceeds $100 billion every year (Scafidi, 2008).There is probably no completely accurate or even scientific approach for determining the economic impact to couples, comminutes, and even society as a whole. From what we can calculate, the empirical data suggest that the costs are substantial (Scafidi, 2008). These costs are real and individual must pay the price. Schramm (2006) suggests that these costs are absorbed by individuals, as well as communities, and governments. The Philippines is a mostly Christian nation with a substantial Catholic community.As the religion of the majority of Filipinos, the point of view of the Church should not be overlooked. From the Catholic Bishop Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) to Pope Benedict XVI himself, the Church has been very vocal and adamantly respondd to this bill. In a letter from His Holiness addressing the CBCP, the Pope instructed the bishops to continue their pursuit in defense of the sacredness of marriage and of the family (Aquino, 2011). Jo Imbong, legal focal point for the CBCP, even expressed the Churchs position claiming the legislation is unconstitutional (Alvarez, 2011).Article XV of the 1987 Constitution describes marriage as an inviolable social institution (Constitutional Commission, 1986). Those who oppose their position say that divorce is not only constitutional, but it promotes public policy as well (Gloria, 2007). Gloria (2007) suggest that the bill embodies the spirit of the constitution by promoting the sanctity of the family, dignity of human life, the protection of the youth, and equality among men and women. On the other hand, divorce gives a wider path for immora lity and infidelity. In my opinion, morality in the contemporary is fleeing.It is neither commonly discussed nor practiced anymore in this country except for religious sectors. I could cite several incidents regarding the immorality of Filipinos but it would be off topic. Nevertheless, The Philippines have a low moral degradation and this is the reason why these proponents with regard to divorce advocate unreasonable solution for certain problems. Didnt we learn from the United States? Did the statistics of violence against women drop when the divorce law was implemented? According to the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) nigh 1. million women are physically abused and/or raped by their husband yearly (MINCAVA, 2010). On the worse part, in 2000, 1,247 women were killed by their husbands, while 440 men were killed by their wives (MINCAVA, 2010). More or less these domesticated incidents are inevitable, they are ought to happen because let us face it the absence of goodn ess keeps taking place. What I am coming to is that, physical abuse, rape and even murder happen annually regardless of the divorce law. Divorce is just another way for couples to resort because thats what the government inadequacys they want us to depend on them.We are often too dependent that we forget about problem solving and thinking critically. We talk much about the positive effects that we can get from the divorce law, whereas obviously the negative effects far outweigh the positive. References Alvarez, K. (2011, June 2). Divorce bill unconstitutional. Retrieved September 19, 2012, from Sun lead Manila http//www. sunstar. com. ph/manila/local-news/2011/06/02/divorce-bill-unconstitutional-158847 Ananat, E. O. , & Michaels, G. (2007, April). The Effect of Marital Breakup on the Income Distribution.CEP Discussion Paper No 787. London Centre for Economic Performance, London initiate of Economics. Aquino, L. G. (2011, July 9). Pope No to RH, divorce. Retrieved September 19, 20 12, from The Manila Bulletin http//www. mb. com. ph/node/326152/pope-no-rh-divorce Beller, A. H. , & Graham, J. W. (1985). Variations in the Economic Well-Being of Divorced Women and Their Children The Role of Child Support Income. In M. David, & T. Smeeding, Horizontal Equity, Uncertainty, and Economic Well-Being (pp. 471-510). Chicago University of Chicago Press.Constitutional Commission. (1986, October 15). The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Quezon City Constitutional Commission of 1986. Cui, M. , & Fincham, F. D. (2010). The differential effects of parental divorce and marital conflict on young adult romantic relationships. Journal of the International Association for Relationship Research(17), 331-343. Gloria, C. K. (2007). Who Needs Divorce in the Philippines? Mindanao Law Journal, 18-28. Ilagan, L. C. , & De Jesus, E. A. (2010, July 27). House Bill No. 1799. An Act Introducing Divorce In The

Freedom VS Security Essay

Many theories and assumptions have been fabricated upon the basis of mans desires and beliefs. H. L. Mencken wrote, The average man does non want to be free, only to be safe. However, this bill does not correlate with what has been witnessed over the course of contemporary society. Since the 18th century, man has sacrificed safety for a reward that is much more paramount, granting immunity. Patrick Henry, an orator for freedom in the middle to late 1700s, knew that liberty was a vital necessity in every mans life, and that one must do whatever it takes, including sacrificing their security, in order to achieve it.In his speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses, he is most memorably quoted for his concluding antithesis, Give me liberty, or give me death Henry conveyed to his audience, as well as the entire nation, that freedom is a virtue worth dying for. Menckens allegation fails to attribute this instance, even though Patrick Henry was equal to convince a whole nation that th eir liberty was worth dying for. In the past we have had many examples of security vs. freedom. During the civil war we had soldiers and multitude fighting to be free.They risked their own life everyday stepping out on the battle field just so they could have their own rights. This also happens in the American Revolution people fight and risk their lives for freedom. Many events in history show how much people truly care about their freedom. Our understructure Fathers created this nation so we wouldnt have to be living in a society full of regulation. Freedom vs. Security is a non-stop debate in our country. However, freedom is unalienable. Freedom is what keeps the common man happy. Freedom allows us to treat every day as a new day, knowing that we can do and accomplish anything because we are free.On the other hand, while safety is what keeps man calm and secure, it is not what our nation thrives off of. Security is a blanket, while freedom is a threshold. Therefore it is desire d, while security is expected. No man cries out for safety, but the same cannot be said about freedom. Freedom gives us want and excitement, while security gives assurance. Both are essential, yet only one is craved. Menckens presumption of what man wants, and what man deserves are in disarray. Freedom is everything, and not even safety can over shadow it.

Mothers are Fathers

The P arnting styles of mothers and buzz offs ar very different. While being the two most important people in whatsoever childs life the parents can have a varying influence on their offspring. The difference can be suggested as being gender based or merely temperamental. Whatever, the case that the differences exist cannot be argued. The parenting style has an influence in every sphere of a childs life. From the peers relationships they have to the self confidence they establish. The socialization of the child is largely dependent on the individual parenting styles.So what is so different between the father and the mother? Notably mothers are seen as much caring. This is the rule rather than the exception, though exceptions do exist. Mothers are more(prenominal) mad and their interaction with the child is such that children usually take their discipline without much adversity. They are seen to be loving and open to communication. Fathers on the other hand are less openly a ffectionate, have more of an harshness to their tone are more firm in their discipline. Mothers are often more subjective in their judgments and thus more forgiving.They protect their child more easily and are voteless pressed to admit failure within a childs attempt. Fathers usually balance this out by playing roughly, being more object glass and pushing the child to do more. While the home situation in the current society is changing the traditional homes had the father as the primary caretaker. He came home after a long days work and wanted nothing more than peace and quiet. This meant that he was stricter with the children and most of the time spent was in discipline rather than interacting openly.Communication was usually stilted and the main caretaker was the mother. Mothers acted as the go between as the father and child struggled to gain an understanding of each other. The father was seen as the quiet and loving man, who was harsh, not very indulgent and delved out the dis cipline. There has been a lot of criticism about the role of fathers. They are not emotional enough, they give their child too little support and they are at times to blunt in their dealings. Regardless, of these criticisms the fact is statistics suggest that fathers are super important to the family.There parenting style may be different but it helps balance out the style presented by the mother consider that a child in a fatherless home is 20 times more belike to end up in prison and 14 times more likely to commit rape and 20 times more likely to have behavioral disorders. Brandenburg, 2007 Fathers have a different physical interaction with their children. Being more physical in their play they toughen up the kids and show them how to play rough without getting hurt. Mothers are not usually ready to take the gamble with their child.Fathers will come home and throw their child in the air while the mother usually admonishes him to be careful. Fathers are the first esteem of any girl. The father serves as the role model for the daughter and a strong positive relationship with the father helps the girl have a better emotional relationship in the future. They also serve to control their sons behavior in a better manner. Physically men are stronger than women and at a certain stage kids begin to understand this. That is why the mother loses control while the father acts as the barrier.All youth go finished insubordination and a father is simply better equipped to physically curtail the child, not through physical abuse rather through sheer presence. Fraenkel, 2006 Mothers are caring and provide the safety net. Children know that no matter what the mother will always be there for them. They are the soothers and the ones who help the child through emotional problems through their simple presence. That both parents are necessary cannot be argued but how important is it for both the parents to be present to make an effective family?Mothers in the past stayed at home and fathers went to work. The constant interaction with the child for the mother made her feel closer to the child. The mother associated her life with the childs the mankind usually revolved around the child. Maybe that is why the parenting style of the mother was the way it was. Since fathers were away from the childs daily routine they could be more objective and thus be seen as the authority figure. Today the scene has changed. The systematic breakdown of the traditional form of the family has changed the dynamics.Mothers are working outside the home, they are not able to give as much time to the child as they would have been if they were born two decades ago. The mother who was seen as the caretaker has switched roles. The mother is at present a person who is stretched to have quality time with the child. Single parent families further aggravate the situation. From being tolerant and lenient mothers have changed into being at times as strict as the fathers. In the past t he mothers saw the world in respect to the kids but now they see the kids in course to the world.Where fathers were the blunt ones preparing the kids for the real world, today mothers do the same. However, no matter how much things have changed, the differences remain. Mothers are still too soft for the ingenuous of the kids, at least in normal circumstances. Women are naturally more communicative and open about their emotions. They find it easy to tell their child they love him throughout the day. They feel no hesitation in giving hugs and kisses regardless of the childs age. Fathers as men are more reluctant to be the same way.Though the sensitive man is the phrase of the decade the fact is fathers are less likely to tell their adolescent child they love them. Physically and emotionally they distance themselves from the child naturally when the child reaches adolescences. That is where the main communication gap emerges. Women still reach out, men never force the issue. Mothers and fathers are naturally and genetically different, they respond to their child as man and woman and the difference between the two sexes can largely determine the difference between mothers and fathers. Peters, Peterson et al, 2000

Thermoelectric generator

plantation for providing the necessary infrastructure out this witness successfully. I also thank Dry. S. Maryanne, Dean, School of Mechanical & make Sciences for his support and continuously encouragement in completing the project. I express my genuine indebtedness to Mr.. C. Rammers Kumar, senior Assai. Lecturer, School of Mechanical & Building Sciences whose whole hearted guidance and valuable suggestions throughout this project helped us in completing it successfully, without which the project would not have attained a fine and final exam shape.I would also same(p) to express our gratitude to all faculty members of the school for their timely encouragement and thought provoking suggestion to lock our work. Last but not he least, we would like to thank all those who were directly and indirectly helped us in completion of this project. CHAPTER I 1. 0 Introduction Mans constant evolution couldnt have been possible without fuels. night club is putting more emphasis on the mobi le transportation sector to achieve future goals of sustainability and on low thermal efficiencies of ICC engine.About 60% of love- aught liberated during combustion of fuel is not utilized in producing utilizable work and getting dumped into the atmosphere daily. To achieve these goals, society needs to jump to a new system to recover the lost part of expel energy. The recovering of horniness from exhaust gases in automobiles is a natural bea of generating steam (or) electricity using W. H. R. B. * (or) Thermoelectric. It depends on the basic principle of pinpoint Effect.It would be usable to demonstrate the potential of thermoelectrical generation in the automobile industry using Thermoelectric reservoir (Tees). A thermoelectric generator, which can be driven by the temperature difference, incorporates fins into a thermopile to conduct heat toward or away from the alternating spaces between adjacent layers of different types of thermoelectric material. Vehicles be beco ming more electrified and the high electrical demands under nearly all driving conditions are required.On board electrical energy focusing and storage systems are more prevalent. TEES provides source of additional electrical power without change magnitude fuel consumption. The remove reveals that about 6% of the exhaust energy can be taped from the exhaust there by increasing the thermal talent. It can be used to increase the overall efficiency of the engine without increasing the fuel consumption and thus there would be a separate source of the electricity that a vehicle needs for keeping its battery aerated and for erring all of its on-board electric circuits. W. H. R. B. = Waste heat recovery boiler 1. 1 Problem Specification To formula and fabricate the Thermo Electric Generator and its unlike components. To test the TAG under various conditions when used on Marti 800 stand up engine. 1. 2 Objective To design the TAG and its various components using Silkworms (CAD) desig ning software and to fabricate the same using various manufacturing processes. hence the manufactured model is tested for efficiency , power output under various conditions when tested with Marti 800 standing engine.CHAPTER II 2 Literature Survey 2. 1 Thermoelectric Principle The Thermoelectric principle though established for long back found application only to the field of sensor industry. But novel advances in materials, especially in semi conductors have paved way for applications to the field of power generation. This project studies the application of Thermo electrics as a waste heat recovery solution in vehicles and their potential for the future. 2. 2 touch modality Effect The Speck effect is the conversion of temperature differences directly into electricity.This effect was first discovered, accidentally, by the German-Estonian physicist doubting Thomas Johann Speck in 1821 . He found that a voltage existed between wow ends of a metal bar when a temperature difference A T existed in the bar. Fig. 1. 3 Speck effect AS and replace are the Speck coefficients of the metals A and B, and TTL and TO are the temperatures of the two Junctions. The Speck coefficients are non-linear, and depend on the conductors compulsive temperature, material, and molecular structure.If the Speck coefficients are effectively constant for the measured temperature range, the above formula can be approximated as Thus, a thermocouple works by measuring the difference in potential caused by the dissimilar wires. It can be used to measure a temperature difference directly, or to assure an despotic temperature, by setting one end to a known temperature. Several thermocouples in series are called a thermopile. This is also the principle at work behind thermal diodes and thermoelectric generators (such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators or Arts) which are used for creating power from heat first derivatives. . 3 Semiconductor Based Thermoelectric though the thermo-electri c principle was established in the early 19th century, it was only after mid-20th Century advancements in semiconductor unit technology, however, that practical applications for thermoelectric devices became feasible. Semi- inducting materials, (in conjunction with copper inter-connecting pads), have been found to offer the best combination of Speck coefficient, electrical resistively, and thermal conductivity.Semi-conducting materials provide another benefit, the ability to use electrons or holes (the absence of an electron in a crystal matrix) to conduct authorized. This last property is useful in assembling many thermoelectric Junctions in series to reduce the overall current flow in the device to manageable levels. 2. 4 Thermoelectric Modules (TEEMS) Bismuth Telluride-based thermoelectric mental facultys are designed primarily for alter r combined cooling and heating applications where electrical power creates a temperature difference across the module.By using the modules in reverse, however, whereby a temperature differential is applied across the faces of the module, it is possible to generate electrical power. Although power output and generation efficiency are presently low, useful power often may be obtained where a source of heat is available. 2. 5 Teems for Power Generation Thermoelectric (ET) energy conversion for power generation is based on the Speck effect, where a temperature difference, TTS-TTS, across two dissimilar legs of nonconductor material produces a voltage, Avocado.This voltage is decent to the Speck coefficient of the material, a, times the temperature difference across the device. The dissimilar legs of semiconductor material, one p-type and one n-type, are called a thermoelectric couple. The p- and n-legs are Joined by an electrically conducting material at the p-n Junction. A thermoelectric module consists of a series of p-n couples, which are connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. electrically insulatin g material separates the electrical connectors from the heat source and sink.When a temperature gradient is applied across the couple, the negatively charged electrons, e-, in the n-leg and the positively charged holes, h+, in the p-leg move from the heat source to the heat sink, conducting heat to the cold base. This flow of electrons and holes causes separation in an initially uniform charge carrier distribution, which results in a current flow, l, in the couple. A thermoelectric module used for power generation has certain similarities to a conventional thermocouple. With no load, the open circuit voltage as measured between points a and b is V = a.AT Where V is the output voltage from the couple (generator) in volts a is the average Speck coefficient in volts/K AT is the temperature difference across the couple in K where When a load is connected to the thermoelectric couple the output voltage (V) drops as a result of inherent generator resistance. The current through the load is load = (a . I is the generator output current in amperes RCA is the average internal resistance of the thermoelectric couple in ohms the load resistance in ohms The total heat excitant to the couple (Sq) is Sq The . L) (0. 5. 12 . + (KC .CAT) Sq is the heat input in watts Kc is the thermal conductance of the couple in watts/K couple in K 2. 6 Module Selection The is the hot side of the The selection of the appropriate module for power generation with required voltage and current output was done on the groundwork of literature survey and was found that bismuth telluride module best suited to our condition because of its high efficiency and high direct temperature. Bismuth Telluride module was used because of its easy availability, low cost and low operating temperature range with a considerable efficiency.Material used for fabricating the outer frame is Cast Iron of 5 mm thickness, Cast Iron is used because of its cheap and easy availability. Outer Frame structure made on Sol id Works Real time outer frame Full Assembly of the Chamber later on the frame was manufactured, it was connected to the main frame-up as shown low, The setup included the catalytic converter attach to the Marti 800 engine. The inlet to the frame (TAG) is attached to the exit of the catalytic converter and the exit of the frame is to release the final exhaust gas to the atmosphere through a pipe.Here heat energy is converted into electric energy using thermoelectric module and therefore two habitations are used in this experimental setup one is hot which is in direct contact with the exhaust gases flowing through the frame on one side and the other side of hot plate modules are placed and the other plate is cold plate which is assembled with cooling chamber as shown under, Hot plate used here is aluminium of 5 mm thickness, one of which side is connected to frame exposed to exhaust gases directly.The picture below is the hot plate when modules are attached to it with the interf ace pads in between to increase the thermal conductivity and to reduce the thermal resistance between the plate and the module. The cold plate which is assembled with cooling chamber is shown below, subsequently connecting all this plates and module the entire frame structure is made to stand connected to the engine as shown above in one of the figure, and below shows he final completed set up with the exhaust pipe connected to the frame.

Short & Long Term Career Goals

Education has always been an important aspect of my animateness. Although there have been trials and tribulations I have crush them. My story is not one of a privileged life not wanting or neediness for anything. Instead it is a dream, a dream to be able to fulfill what is my destiny. On December 14, 2005 I go forth have my associates degree it has been a long time coming, and it is finally here. I have managed to go along full time plump to support myself and my family while attending to drill to accomplish one of my life long dreams.By attending Drexel this would not only afford me the opportunity to continue my dream of furthering my nurture but it leave also allow me to advance in my industry. My short term career goals embroil furthering my cultivation in business administration Drexel forgeting allow me to do that. Long term Drexel will give the tools, confidence, and background incumbent to advance even further in my career goals. Business has been my peevishnes s for a number of years, Drexel will allow me to have more of a hand on approach, and it will allow me to be even more of a key player in the business industry.oer time my goals continue to grow and advance, Drexel will allow me to make my current goals a reality and work toward my afterlife goals and the ones that I will create in the future. The main way that Drexel would help me with my current and future goals is through affording me a great education, with a wonder staff and plentiful resources as my disposal. These tools are priceless, and unworkable to truly measure. All I spate say is that it is my beliefs that Drexel is the best place for me to continue my education. Through researching the school and the programs that are offered through Drexel, I believe that the business program best suits my life style. The program allows tractableness which is extremely important in my life.My short term career goals include advancing my knowledge set up in the field of business a dministration, balancing work and family, becoming more confident in my abilities as a degreed professional, learn how to deal more efficiently in my professional life and personal life. Drexel can help me sink in these goals by, affording me the opportunity to have a flexible school schedule, by teaching me the necessary tools to needed to become more confident in my personal and professional abilities, giving me a platform to increase my skills in business as well as interpersonal skills necessary to survive in the business world.Long term goals include, advancing into a higher position with my current employer, or possibly starting my own business, becoming a motivator and teacher to others through my knowledge and experience. Drexel can aid me in reaching these long term goals in the same ways that Drexel can help me reach the short term career goals. One is through allowing a platform to gain further education in the field of business. By advancing my knowledge in the field of business, I hope to be able to be an inspiration to others, as well as have the tools necessary to be in effect(p) in my endeavors as well as help others obtain their long goals.Drexel University is the perfect fit for me. I know that if I am allowed to become a part of the student body all of my dreams will become realities. There is no where to go but up with a Drexel education. If given the opportunity you will not be disappointed. I give every endeavor 100% Education is necessary in continuing my goals. My Bachelors is just the beginning, just a single step leading up the stairway of my lifelong dreams. Thank you in advance for considering me for your Bachelors program.